[66], After the 1906 earthquake, global discussion arose concerning a legally flawless exclusion of the earthquake hazard from fire insurance contracts. The night after Caruso's performance in Carmen, the tenor was awakened in the early morning in his Palace Hotel suite by a strong jolt. [7], The 1906 earthquake preceded the development of the Richter magnitude scale by three decades. [9] Shaking was felt from Oregon to Los Angeles, and as far inland as central Nevada. Classification Dewey : … [77], Eleven survivors of the 1906 earthquake attended the centennial commemorations in 2006, including Irma Mae Weule (May 11, 1899 – August 8, 2008),[78] who was the oldest survivor of the quake at the time of her death in August 2008, aged 109. As with the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake there were fewer aftershocks than would have been expected for a shock of that size. [40] In addition, accusations of soldiers themselves engaging in looting also surfaced. 1906, le tremblement de terre de San Francisco (Book) : Tarshis, Lauren : Léo, dix ans, adore être vendeur de journaux à San Francisco. Il a été estimé à une magnitude d'environ 7 sur l'échelle de Richter , et son épicentre se situait à 12,1 km à l'ouest de San Francisco sur le système de faille se trouvant au large des côtes . There were decades of minor earthquakes – more than at any other time in the historical record for northern California – before the 1906 quake. Police officers, firefighters, and soldiers would regularly commandeer passing civilians for work details to remove rubble and assist in rescues. Telephoning a San Francisco Police Department officer, he sent word to Mayor Eugene Schmitz of his decision to assist and then ordered federal troops from nearby Angel Island to mobilize and come into the city. [21], The earthquake and fire left long-standing and significant pressures on the development of California. But the traumatized public reacted with fierce opposition. [citation needed]. Cependant, il n'offrait qu'un bref avertissement, car une dévastation massive allait bientôt suivre. Three-quarters of San Francisco was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, but the city was quickly rebuilt. In 2005, the city's Board of Supervisors voted unanimously in support of a resolution written by novelist James Dalessandro ("1906") and city historian Gladys Hansen ("Denial of Disaster") to recognize the figure of 3,000 plus as the official total. He was most impressed by the positive attitude of the survivors and the speed with which they improvised services and created order out of chaos. [2] An offshore epicenter is supported by the occurrence of a local tsunami recorded by a tide gauge at the San Francisco Presidio; the wave had an amplitude of approximately 3 in (8 cm) and an approximate period of 40–45 minutes. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. Nancy Stoner Sage (February 19, 1905 – April 15, 2010) died, aged 105, in Colorado just three days short of the 104th anniversary of the earthquake on April 18, 2010. The most widely accepted estimate for the magnitude of the quake on the modern moment magnitude scale is 7.9;[1] values from 7.7 to as high as 8.3 have been proposed. Seismographs on the U.S. east coast recorded the earthquake some 19 minutes later; some early death estimates exceeded 500. [85] 107-year-old George Quilici (April 26, 1905 – May 31, 2012) died in May 2012,[86] and 113-year-old Ruth Newman (September 23, 1901 – July 29, 2015) in July 2015. Finally, in April 1907, one of the buildings was renovated for outpatient care with 75 beds. [87] William Del Monte (January 22, 1906 – January 11, 2016), who died 11 days shy of his 110th birthday, was thought to be the last survivor. Modern seismic-zonation practice accounts for the differences in seismic hazard posed by varying geologic conditions. [41], Property losses from the disaster have been estimated to be more than $400 million in 1906 dollars. On August 1, 1909, the California Senate enacted the California Standard Form of Fire Insurance Policy, which did not contain any earthquake clause. Constructing new mansions without reclaiming and clearing old rubble simply sped attaining new homes in the tent city during the reconstruction. Clutching an autographed photo of President Theodore Roosevelt, Caruso made an effort to get out of the city, first by boat and then by train, and vowed never to return to San Francisco. Its president also immediately chartered and financed the sending of two ships to return with shiploads of lumber from Washington and Oregon mills which provided the initial reconstruction materials and surge. California Historical Society > 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire Digital Collection: Selections from the California Historical Society > Les effets du tremblement de terre sur les rails de tramways au coin des rues Howard et 14ieme [Fourteenth]. But this plan was dismissed during the aftermath of the earthquake. Il y a beaucoup d'articles, de photos et de clips multimedia qui valent le coup d'oeil (videos, podcasts). I imagine them taking the kids,including my 8yr old grandfather Jamie,on the cable car. Le séisme de 1906 à San Francisco désigne le séisme qui toucha principalement San Francisco au matin du mercredi 18 avril 1906. San Francisco. Due to a widespread practice by insurers to indemnify San Francisco properties from fire, but not earthquake damage, most of the destruction in the city was blamed on the fires. [22], The 1908 Lawson Report, a study of the 1906 quake led and edited by Professor Andrew Lawson of the University of California, showed that the same San Andreas Fault which had caused the disaster in San Francisco ran close to Los Angeles as well. . 2,000 ft (600 m) above San Francisco Bay overlooking water front. [58] The last official refugee camp was closed on June 30, 1908. On a bright but chilly spring morning, San Francisco celebrated the darkest day in its history Wednesday with two small but poignant ceremonies. Many of the city's leading poets and writers retreated to Carmel-by-the-Sea where, as "The Barness", they established the arts colony reputation that continues today. Under the command of Funston's superior, Major General Adolphus Greely, Commanding Officer of the Pacific Division, over 4,000 federal troops saw service during the emergency. [55][56][57], While the original street grid was restored, many of Burnham's proposals inadvertently saw the light of day, such as a neoclassical civic center complex, wider streets, a preference of arterial thoroughfares, a subway under Market Street, a more people-friendly Fisherman's Wharf, and a monument to the city on Telegraph Hill, Coit Tower. [46] The earthquake itself is not even mentioned in the statement. The events are remembered as one of the worst and deadliest earthquakes in the history of the United States. It was pressed ahead mainly by re-insurers. It was constructed in 1875 primarily financed by Bank of California co-founder William Ralston, the "man who built San Francisco". l'hamecon- Petit crochet Create a clean and professional home studio setup; Sept. 10, 2020. Explosives were ferried across the bay from the California Powder Works in what is now Hercules. Survivants: 1906: Le Tremblement de Terre de San Francisco (French Edition) [Tarshis, Lauren] on Amazon.com. It was the 101st anniversary of the 1906 … Blog. 6 mars 2016 - Explorez le tableau « Tremblements de terre » de Agnès Boyer, auquel 328 utilisateurs de Pinterest sont abonnés. Gold transfers from European insurance companies to policyholders in San Francisco led to a rise in interest rates, subsequently to a lack of available loans and finally to the Knickerbocker Trust Company crisis of October 1907 which led to the Panic of 1907. [45] In his first public statement, California governor George Pardee emphasized the need to rebuild quickly: "This is not the first time that San Francisco has been destroyed by fire, I have not the slightest doubt that the City by the Golden Gate will be speedily rebuilt, and will, almost before we know it, resume her former great activity". The immense power of the earthquake had destroyed almost all of the mansions on Nob Hill except for the James C. Flood Mansion. First, we have re-evaluated and relocated the damage and shaking reports compiled by Lawson (1908). Nota: come da immagineP 3013 survivants 1906: le Tremblement de terre de San Fancisco 3 mots vocabulaire que tu as eu besoin de rechercher Pepite d'or - Une pepite d'or est une pettite morceau d'or Rocheuses- des rocheuses est un montagnes couvert de roches, 'Les Montagnes Rocheuses. Le 18 avril 1906 survient à San Francisco la plus grande catastrophe que l'Amérique ait connue : un séisme de magnitude 8,25 créant une faille de 420 kilomètres de long suivi d’un gigantesque incendie, qui durera plus de trois jours. On the morning of April 18, 1906, a massive earthquake shook San Francisco, California. Fradkin, Philip L. The Great Earthquake and Firestorms of 1906: How San Francisco Nearly Destroyed Itself. Stampa 1906. , Lectures pour tous 1906 , Oggetto: estratto da Lectures pour tous 1906 formato carta: 17x25 cm ca. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake. The first sequence (Western Addition) shows a great deal of evocative neighborhood detail from one hundred years ago. [13], Recently, using old photographs and eyewitness accounts, researchers were able to estimate the location of the hypocenter of the earthquake as offshore from San Francisco or near the city of San Juan Bautista, confirming previous estimates.[14]. 100 years after San Francisco quake. "1906 Quake Shook Up Insurance Industry Worldwide." William Del Monte, then 103, and Jeanette Scola Trapani (April 21, 1902 – December 28, 2009),[81] 106, stated that they stopped attending events commemorating the earthquake when it became too much trouble for them. Over 80% of the city was destroyed by the earthquake and fire. [30] In total, the fires burned for four days and nights. French books on line for children, teens and adults. The Army also became responsible for feeding, sheltering, and clothing the tens of thousands of displaced residents of the city. San Francisco earthquake of 1906, a major earthquake and fire that destroyed some 28,000 buildings and killed more than 3,000 people. The study also provides insight into what held the city back from making these changes before 1906: the presence of old residential buildings. Rebuilding funds were immediately tied up by the fact that virtually all the major banks had been sites of the conflagration, requiring a lengthy wait of seven-to-ten days before their fire-proof vaults could cool sufficiently to be safely opened. Le tremblement de terre et l’incendie de San Francisco en 1906, défini comme l’évènement le plus photographié du début du XX e siècle, coïncide avec les débuts de la photographie vernaculaire. [33], Some of the greatest losses from fire were in scientific laboratories. [48], William James, the pioneering American psychologist, was teaching at Stanford at the time of the earthquake and traveled into San Francisco to observe first-hand its aftermath. [43][44], Political and business leaders strongly downplayed the effects of the earthquake, fearing loss of outside investment in the city which was badly needed to rebuild. Leonard D. Wildman of the U.S. Army Signal Corps[31] reported that he "was stopped by a fireman who told me that people in that neighborhood were firing their houses...they were told that they would not get their insurance on buildings damaged by the earthquake unless they were damaged by fire". The $2 monthly rents went towards the full purchase price of $50. [65][66] At least 137 insurance companies were directly involved and another 17 as reinsurers. Just as there would be none at all if all this New York that has so obsessed me with its limitless bigness was itself a blazing ruin. Download Survivants 1906 Le Tremblement De Terre De San Francisco - by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) in Pdf ePub ebook. En se basant sur la production engendrée par le désastre, cet article vise à politiser la notion du vernaculaire. Historic American Buildings Survey Fireman's Fund Record Vol XLVI, No. Stampa 1906. , Lectures pour tous 1906 , Oggetto: estratto da Lectures pour tous 1906 formato carta: 17x12,5 cm … The most recent analyses support an offshore location for the epicenter, although significant uncertainty remains. The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that forms part of the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. They aided the fire department in dynamiting to demolish buildings in the path of the fires. [50], H. G. Wells had just arrived in New York on his first visit to America when he learned, at lunch, of the San Francisco earthquake. [63], Insurance companies, faced with staggering claims of $250 million,[64] paid out between $235 million and $265 million on policyholders' claims, often for fire damage only, since shake damage from earthquakes was excluded from coverage under most policies. San Francisco 1906 Earthquake - The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was a major earthquake that struck San Francisco and the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. One of the modest 720 sq ft (67 m2) homes was purchased in 2006 for more than $600,000. This fault runs the length of California from the Salton Sea in the south to Cape Mendocino in the north, a distance of about 810 miles (1,300 km). [citation needed], Although the impact of the earthquake on San Francisco was the most famous, the earthquake also inflicted considerable damage on several other cities. Devastating fires broke out in the city and lasted for several days. [32], One landmark building lost in the fire was the Palace Hotel, subsequently rebuilt, which had many famous visitors, including royalty and celebrated performers. On July 1, 1906, non-military authorities assumed responsibility for relief efforts, and the Army withdrew from the city. Bear Photo Co. San Francisco Earthquake & Fire Vol. Sous l'effet du tremblement de terre. All residents were eligible for daily meals served from a number of communal soup kitchens and citizens as far away as Idaho and Utah were known to send daily loaves of bread to San Francisco as relief supplies were coordinated by the railroads. Accumulated strain on the faults in the system was relieved during the earthquake, which is the supposed cause of the damage along the 450-kilometer-long (280 mi) segment of the San Andreas plate boundary. The death toll remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California's history and high on the lists of American disasters. [6] This is equivalent to $11.4 billion in 2020 dollars. Read more about the 1906 Great San Francisco Earthquake in the April 2006 Geotimes Benchmarks, now available online.. This website presents Modified Mercalli Intensity maps for the great San Francisco earthquake of April 18, 1906. Though San Francisco rebuilt quickly, the disaster diverted trade, industry, and population growth south to Los Angeles,[citation needed] which during the 20th century became the largest and most important urban area in the West. ... Apres le tremblement de terre de San Francisco Film Complet VF 2016 En Ligne HD Partie 4/10. The houses were designed by John McLaren, and were grouped in eleven camps, packed close to each other and rented to people for two dollars per month until rebuilding was completed. I believe these people would more than half like the situation. February 16, 2015. We want information on everyone who was here at … En 1906, elle e st devenue la 9ème métropole des Etats-Unis avec 250 000 habitants. Devastating fires soon broke out in the city and lasted for several days. [54] The Chinese occupants had other ideas and prevailed instead. Survivants: 1906: Le Tremblement de Terre de San Francisco (French Edition) Some were started when San Francisco Fire Department firefighters, untrained in the use of dynamite, attempted to demolish buildings to create firebreaks. [17] However, hundreds of fatalities in Chinatown went ignored and unrecorded. [3] The strike-slip fault is characterized by mainly lateral motion in a dextral sense, where the western (Pacific) plate moves northward relative to the eastern (North American) plate. The largest aftershock happened at 01:10 PST on April 23, west of Eureka, California, with an estimated magnitude of about 6.7 MI , with another of the same size more than three years later at 22:45 PST on October 28 near Cape Mendocino. Berkeley: University of California, 2005. "[60], During the first few days after news of the disaster reached the rest of the world, relief efforts reached over $5,000,000. Caruso died in 1921, having remained true to his word. The Metropolitan Opera Company lost all of its traveling sets and costumes in the earthquake and ensuing fires. General Frederick Funston had already decided that the situation required the use of federal troops. Until 1906, the school faculty had provided care at the City-County Hospital (now the San Francisco General Hospital), but did not have a hospital of its own. [citation needed], The earthquake was also responsible for the development of the Pacific Heights neighborhood. Supershear propagation has now been recognized for many earthquakes associated with strike-slip faulting. Le tre… Today, its importance comes more from the wealth of scientific knowledge derived from it than from its sheer size --The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Deaths: > 3,000 Injuries: ~225,000 Property Damage: $ 400,000,000 in 1906 $$$ 1:011a California State Library San Francisco — one year after. Brady, Matt. San Francisco Earthquake, 1906. An insurance industry source tallies insured losses at $235 million, the equivalent to $6.69 billion in 2020 dollars. Le~tremblement~de~terre~de~san~francisco~~ce~jour~l~18~avril~1906~full~version eBook is a good illustration of an eco-pleasant thing that avoids using paper and packaging resources. For the 1851 fire, see, Ruins in the vicinity of Post and Grant Avenue. [53] City fathers likewise attempted at the time to eliminate the Chinese population and export Chinatown (and other poor populations) to the edge of the county where the Chinese could still contribute to the local taxbase. San Francisco : ville portuaire prospère et capitale financière de la Californie et de l’Ouest américain en 1906. This created the need to train nursing students, and, in 1907, the UC Training School for Nurses was established, adding a fourth professional school to the Affiliated Colleges. ", Location of the Focal Region and Hypocenter of the California Earthquake of April 18, 1906, "Surface Displacements in the 1906 San Francisco and 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquakes", 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0015:aottgb>2.3.co;2. As damaging as the earthquake and its aftershocks were, the fires that burned out of control afterward were even more destructive. They were painted navy blue, partly to blend in with the site, and partly because the military had large quantities of navy blue paint on hand. Very few of them were located along the trace of the 1906 rupture, tending to concentrate near the ends of the rupture or on other structures, away from the San Andreas Fault itself, such as the Hayward Fault. . Print. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme).High-intensity shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley, an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area. 4 April '26 April 18, 1906 - San Francisco, Historic View, 1906 Fire, San Francisco, San Francisco HABS CAL,38-SANFRA,105-2.tif 5,000 × 3,611; 17.22 MB Alice Eastwood, the curator of botany at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, is credited with saving nearly 1,500 specimens, including the entire type specimen collection for a newly discovered and extremely rare species, before the remainder of the largest botanical collection in the western United States was destroyed in the fire. These effects of the fire still remain today, and thus large shocks can be sufficient catalysts for permanently reshaping urban settings. High-intensity shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley, an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area. Broché. These include San Jose and Santa Rosa, the entire downtown of which was essentially destroyed.[24][25][26]. 18 Av. Another survivor, Libera Armstrong (September 28, 1902 – November 27, 2007), attended the 2006 anniversary, but died in 2007, aged 105. [8] The 1906 rupture propagated both northward and southward for a total of 296 miles (476 km). National Underwriter/P&C [New York] April 18, 2006: 12–16. [11], For years, the epicenter of the quake was assumed to be near the town of Olema, in the Point Reyes area of Marin County, due to local earth displacement measurements. More than two years later, many of these refugee camps were still in operation. Panorama of San Francisco in ruins, taken via kite photography approx. A book in French for pre-teen readers.View our complete selection on line. One of the more famous and ambitious plans came from famed urban planner Daniel Burnham. What struck him about the reaction of those around him was that "it does not seem to have affected any one with a sense of final destruction, with any foreboding of irreparable disaster. 'Sure.' 282 pages augmentées de quelques planches photos en noir et blanc. [88], In 2005 the National Film Registry added San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, April 18, 1906, a newsreel documentary made soon after the earthquake, to its list of American films worthy of preservation. San Francisco. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, more than 40,000 people were relocated to a makeshift tent city in Golden Gate Park and were treated by the faculty of the Affiliated Colleges. Shot: 1906 Finished: September 2009 RC001. His bold plan called for, among other proposals, Haussmann-style avenues, boulevards, arterial thoroughfares that radiated across the city, a massive civic center complex with classical structures, and what would have been the largest urban park in the world, stretching from Twin Peaks to Lake Merced with a large atheneum at its peak. Early death counts ranged from 375[18] to over 500. For the 1989 earthquake, see, "San Francisco fire" redirects here. 1906/04/15 Topics san francisco, earthquakes, 1906, market street, cities, urban history, lost landscapes, traffic Publisher Miles Brothers. Areas situated in sediment-filled valleys sustained stronger shaking than nearby bedrock sites, and the strongest shaking occurred in areas of former bay where soil liquefaction had occurred. Between 227,000 and 300,000 people were left homeless out of a population of about 410,000; half of those who evacuated fled across the bay to Oakland and Berkeley. The San Francisco 1906 Earthquake Great Register In response to repeated requests through our website we are setting out to compile a new and more accurate account of those affected by the 1906 earthquake. 1906: Tremblement de terre San Francisco. [67] Twenty companies went bankrupt, and most excluded shake damage claims. [citation needed], For example, real estate investors and other land owners were against the idea due to the large amount of land the city would have to purchase to realize such proposals. These new maps combine two important developments. [Detail] Charles Weidner The city's fire chief, Dennis T. Sullivan, who would have been responsible for coordinating firefighting efforts, had died from injuries sustained in the initial quake. In the 1960s, a seismologist at UC Berkeley proposed that the epicenter was more likely offshore of San Francisco, to the northwest of the Golden Gate. Though the quake lasted less than a minute, its immediate impact was disastrous. The maximum observed surface displacement was about 20 feet (6 m); geodetic measurements show displacements of up to 28 feet (8.5 m). Where previously the river emptied into Monterey Bay between Moss Landing and Watsonville, it was diverted 6 miles (9.7 km) south to a new channel just north of Marina. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Thus the state decided that insurers would have to pay again if another earthquake was followed by fires. Bon état, Couv. As one indirect result, the wealthy looked westward where the land was cheap and relatively undeveloped, and where there were better views. At the time of the disaster, San Francisco had been the ninth-largest city in the United States and the largest on the West Coast, with a population of about 410,000. For a list of these companies see Tilmann Röder, deadliest earthquakes in the history of the United States, 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, April 18, 1906, List of disasters in the United States by death toll, "Where Can I Learn More About the 1906 Earthquake? The dynamited buildings themselves often caught fire. . Chinatown was rebuilt in the newer, modern, Western form that exists today. Español: Secuelas del terremoto de San Francisco, 1906. Print. [66] Lloyd's of London reports having paid all claims in full, thanks to the leadership of Cuthbert Heath, more than $50 million[68] and the insurance companies in Hartford, Connecticut, report also paying every claim in full, with the Hartford Fire Insurance Company paying over $11 million and Aetna Insurance Company almost $3 million. 1906 San Francisco Quake: How large was the offset? Others that hadn't been destroyed were dynamited by the Army forces aiding the firefighting efforts in attempts to create firebreaks. In the U.S., the question was discussed differently. [citation needed], The Army built 5,610 redwood and fir "relief houses" to accommodate 20,000 displaced people. Displays at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Museum in Sausalito, California, Double Cone Quarterly, Fall Equinox, volume VII, Number 3 (2004). [52], The grandeur of citywide reconstruction schemes required investment from Eastern monetary sources, hence the spin and de-emphasis of the earthquake, the promulgation of the tough new building codes, and subsequent reputation sensitive actions such as the official low death toll. The main shock was followed by many aftershocks and some remotely triggered events. [23] The earthquake was the first natural disaster of its magnitude to be documented by photography and motion picture footage and occurred at a time when the science of seismology was blossoming. Another event of this type occurred at 12:31 PST on April 19, 1906, with an estimated magnitude of about 5.0 MI , and an epicenter beneath Santa Monica Bay.[16]. In April 1906, the tenor Enrico Caruso and members of the Metropolitan Opera Company came to San Francisco to give a series of performances at the Grand Opera House. [15] The shaking intensity as described on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale reached XI (Extreme) in San Francisco and areas to the north like Santa Rosa where destruction was devastating. He also made it clear that the majority of soldiers served the community well. Millions of dollars spent to make San Francisco one of the finest cities in the world. [27] It has been estimated that up to 90% of the total destruction was the result of the subsequent fires. AbeBooks.com: Le tremblement de terre de San Francisco 18 avril 1906: RO30312013: 1972. [71], The 1906 Centennial Alliance[73] was set up as a clearing-house for various centennial events commemorating the earthquake. The strong shaking of the main shock lasted about 42 seconds. [citation needed] In 1929, Bank of Italy was renamed and is now known as Bank of America. Eleven days after the earthquake a rare Sunday baseball game was played in New York City (which would not allow regular Sunday baseball until 1919) between the Highlanders (soon to be the Yankees) and the Philadelphia Athletics to raise money for quake victims. The beginning of new and greater San Francisco showing a large amount of reconstruction in the heart of the city. "[71][72] The author attribute this to migrants opting not to go to severely affected cities while migrating to the American West. More than 3,000 people died. Other earthquake-endangered countries followed the California example. Les historiens de cette ville affirment depuis longtemps que le tremblement de terre et l’incendie qui s’ensuivit ne forment que des détails dans sa chronologie historique. Deux ans plus tard, la ville compte déjà 50 000 habitants. On April 18, in response to riots among evacuees and looting, Mayor Schmitz issued and ordered posted a proclamation that "The Federal Troops, the members of the Regular Police Force and all Special Police Officers have been authorized by me to kill any and all persons found engaged in Looting or in the Commission of Any Other Crime". Individual citizens and businesses donated large sums of money for the relief effort: Standard Oil gave $100,000; Andrew Carnegie gave $100,000; the Dominion of Canada made a special appropriation of $100,000 and even the Bank of Canada in Ottawa gave $25,000. Pour ceux d'entre vous que cela interesse, le San Francisco Chronicle a mis en place un site web interessant sur le tremblement de terre historique et le feu qui ont detruit San Francisco en 1906, il y a 100 ans aujourd'hui. Since 1915, the city has officially commemorated the disaster each year by gathering the remaining survivors at Lotta's Fountain, a fountain in the city's financial district that served as a meeting point during the disaster for people to look for loved ones and exchange information. Le tremblement de terre frappe San Francisco . Over a period of 60 years, the city had become the financial, trade, and cultural center of the West; operated the busiest port on the West Coast; and was the "gateway to the Pacific", through which growing U.S. economic and military power was projected into the Pacific and Asia.