[94] The Agostino Gemelli Medical School[95] in Rome, the first university-based hospital in Italy and one of its most respected medical centres, honoured Nightingale's contribution to the nursing profession by giving the name "Bedside Florence" to a wireless computer system it developed to assist nursing. —, There were rumors that she was tutored by an eminent mathematician who was a friend of the family. Baly, Monica, and E. H. C. G. Matthew. Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820 into a wealthy and well-connected British family at the Villa Colombaia,[8][9] in Florence, Tuscany, Italy, and was named after the city of her birth. [d] Later, Nightingale became a pioneer in the visual presentation of information and statistical graphics. Patrick Waddington, "Mohl, Mary Elizabeth (1793–1883)". She was the younger of two children. Her theory of nursing focused on the environment and she gave a detailed portrayal of each feature of environment in her theory. Recent commentators have asserted that Nightingale's Crimean War achievements were exaggerated by the media at the time, but critics agree on the importance of her later work in professionalising nursing roles for women. [80] Adrienne Rich wrote that "... Eleanor Taylor has brought together the waste of women in society and the waste of men in wars and twisted them inseparably. Charles Dickens caricatured the standard of care in his 1842–1843 published novel Martin Chuzzlewit in the figure of Sarah Gamp as being incompetent, negligent, alcoholic and corrupt. Herbert would be Secretary of War again during the Crimean War, when he and his wife would be instrumental in facilitating Nightingale's nursing work in the Crimea. "Nightingale, Florence (1820–1910)". Although not formally a Universalist by church membership, she had come of a Universalist family, was sympathetic to the tenets of the denomination, and has always been claimed by it. The first trained Nightingale nurses began work on 16 May 1865 at the Liverpool Workhouse Infirmary. "Ever Yours, Florence Nightingale: Selected Letters.". Florence Nightingale. [76] An effort to correct this was made with a 2008 publication by Wilfrid Laurier University, as volume 11[77] of a 16 volume project, the Collected Works of Florence Nightingale. Her father believed women should be educated, and he personally taught her Italian, Latin, Greek, philosophy, history and – most unusual of all for women of the time – writing and mathematics. Florence Nightingale /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/, OM, RRC, DStJ (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. [126], Several churches in the Anglican Communion commemorate Nightingale with a feast day on their liturgical calendars. The environmental theory developed by Florence Nightingale 1 in the second half of the nineteenth century in England, has focused primarily on the environment, interpreted as all external conditions and influences that affect the life and development of an organism, that are able to prevent, suppress or contribute to disease and death 1. In the same 1861 letter she wrote, "It makes me mad, the Women's Rights talk about 'the want of a field' for them – when I would gladly give £500 a year for a Woman secretary. She is recognized as the founder of … All the figures, who are said to be modelled on prominent Derby town figures of the early sixties, surround and praise a central pane of the triumphant Christ. [12] Nightingale's father educated her. Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) is known for her work in the Crimean War (1854–1856), the founding of professional nursing after it and her pioneering work in statistics, but less for her social research approach to health, healthcare and hospital safety, or … At the closure of the DRI the window was again removed and stored. [93], During the Vietnam War, Nightingale inspired many US Army nurses, sparking a renewal of interest in her life and work. In Florence Nightingale’s theory, the Person, one of the elements in the four metaparadigms, is the individual receiving care (Selanders, 2010).. Nightingale’s perception of the Person is that the person is a multidimensional being, that includes biological, psychological, social and spiritual components (Selanders, 2010). The two were to remain friends for the rest of their lives. This was an 829-page, three-volume work, which Nightingale had printed privately in 1860, but which until recently was never published in its entirety. [97], An appeal is being considered for the former Derbyshire Royal Infirmary hospital in Derby, England to be named after Nightingale. "[79], In 1972, the poet Eleanor Ross Taylor wrote "Welcome Eumenides", a poem written in Nightingale's voice and quoting frequently from Nightingale's writings. [34] The second wave, headed by Mary Francis Bridgeman met with a cooler reception as Bridgeman refused to give up her authority over her Sisters to Nightingale while at the same time not trusting Nightingale, whom she regarded as ambitious.[35][36]. It makes the impression upon one that thousands of voices do, uniting in one unanimous simultaneous feeling of enthusiasm or emotion, which is said to overcome the strongest man."[17]. I first learned of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, exactly where most people might think someone from my generation would – a Catholic nursing school in the 1970s. Apparently, the writing served its original purpose of sorting out thoughts; Nightingale left soon after to train at the Institute for deaconesses at Kaiserswerth. Florence Noghtingale himself was the first nurse in the world and he was known as a woman who never gave up in treating patients and has a spirit helper and very important role in the development of nursing science. Nightingale questioned the goodness of a God who would condemn souls to hell, and was a believer in universal reconciliation – the concept that even those who die without being saved will eventually make it to Heaven. Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and perspective, Koernig & Hayes, sixth edition, 2011, p. 100. Pass through the glimmering gloom, "Egypt in England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Revolution", in: Magnello, M. Eileen. Sylvester.". [91], The Florence Nightingale Declaration Campaign,[92] established by nursing leaders throughout the world through the Nightingale Initiative for Global Health (NIGH), aims to build a global grassroots movement to achieve two United Nations Resolutions for adoption by the UN General Assembly of 2008. The Feminist Press, 1979, p. 17. Nelson, Sioban, and Anne Marie Rafferty, eds. Bullough, Vera L., Bonnie Bullough and Marieta P. Stanton. [115], Florence Nightingale's image appeared on the reverse of £10 Series D banknotes issued by the Bank of England from 1975 until 1994. As a result of her observations, the Environment Theory of nursing was born. It … [62] A memorial monument to Nightingale was created in Carrara marble by Francis William Sargant in 1913 and placed in the cloister of the Basilica of Santa Croce, in Florence, Italy. Nightingale arrived at Selimiye Barracks in Scutari early in November 1854. Some of the work was damaged and the tenth panel was dismantled for the glass to be used in repair of the remaining panels. She lobbied the minister responsible, James Stansfeld, to strengthen the proposed Public Health Bill to require owners of existing properties to pay for connection to mains drainage. Now called the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, the school is part of King's College London. [56], Some scholars of Nightingale's life believe that she remained chaste for her entire life, perhaps because she felt a religious calling to her career. Before the experiments of the mid-1860s by Pasteur and Lister, hardly anyone took germ theory seriously; even afterwards, many medical practitioners were unconvinced. They are: Patients should have clean air and a temperature-controlled environment ( link ) Described as … The commission flushed out the sewers and improved ventilation. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America commemorates her as a renewer of society with Clara Maass on 13 August. [101] The Nightingale-Macmillan continuing care unit is now at the Royal Derby Hospital, formerly known as The City Hospital, Derby. She regarded the experience as a turning point in her life, and issued her findings anonymously in 1851; The Institution of Kaiserswerth on the Rhine, for the Practical Training of Deaconesses, etc. [66](p107), The Royal Sanitary Commission of 1868–1869 presented Nightingale with an opportunity to press for compulsory sanitation in private houses. She even nursed soldiers during the night, and became known as ‘The Lady with the Lamp’. In 1858 and 1859, she successfully lobbied for the establishment of a Royal Commission into the Indian situation. [54], However, she did have several important and long-lasting friendships with women. [39], As Mark Bostridge has demonstrated, one of Nightingale's signal achievements was the introduction of trained nurses into the workhouse system in Britain from the 1860s onwards. Her biblical annotations, private journal notes and translations of the mystics give quite a different impression of her beliefs, and these do have a bearing on her work with nurses, and not only at Edinburgh, but neither [Cecil(ia) Woodham-]Smith nor [her] followers consulted their sources.". The first was housed in the ExCeL London[99] and several others followed across England. Florence was stubborn, opinionated and forthright but she had to be those things in order to achieve all that she did. James Southern, "A Lady 'in Proper Proportions'? [131] A Dutch KLM McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 (registration PH-KCD) was also named in her honour. Although she had been an invalid for a long time, rarely leaving her room, where she passed the time in a half-recumbent position and was under the constant care of a physician, her death was somewhat unexpected. [111] It was adapted as a film of the same name in 1951. The first official nurses' training programme, her Nightingale School for Nurses, opened in 1860 and is now called the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery at King's College London. In 1904, she was appointed a Lady of Grace of the Order of St John (LGStJ). [107] and in several of its rooms, relics and reproductions related to Florence Nightingale and her nurses are on exhibition. Britain and France entered the war against Russia on the side of the Ottoman Empire. Influenced from an early age by the Wesleyan tradition,[f] Nightingale felt that genuine religion should manifest in active care and love for others. AIM: This assignment gives an abridged account of Florence Nightingale’s life, her education, aspirations and career.It also discusses the development of nursing theory in general, and Florence Nightingale’s influence in later nursing theorists’ work. At Thebes, she wrote of being "called to God", while a week later near Cairo she wrote in her diary (as distinct from her far longer letters that her elder sister Parthenope was to print after her return): "God called me in the morning and asked me would I do good for him alone without reputation. “It is a much more difficult thing to speak the truth than people commonly imagine.” —Florence Nightingale Reflection as a conscious, dynamic process of thinking about, analyzing, and learning from clinical experience helps a nurse gain insight into self and practice.2 It's long been considered essential for building competence and professional comportment in nursing education.3 But even though much has been written on reflection as an educational tool, specific information and research on its sustained use … The work features nine panels, of the original ten, depicting scenes of hospital life, Derby townscapes and Nightingale herself. Nightingale Theory is a theory that suggests about the environment. She became Herbert's key adviser throughout his political career, though she was accused by some of having hastened Herbert's death from Bright's Disease in 1861 because of the pressure her programme of reform placed on him. [65] She used methods such as the pie chart, which had first been developed by William Playfair in 1801. 2 of 2 by Edward Tyas Cook, "Institute of Our Lady of Mercy, Great Britain", "Florence Nightingale: The Grave at East Wellow", Florence Nightingale's autobiographical notes: A critical edition of BL Add. As of 2016, the Florence Nightingale Declaration has been signed by over 25,000 signatories from 106 countries. A pub named after her stands close to the DRI. [28] Death rates were sharply reduced, but she never claimed credit for helping to reduce the death rate. Florence Nightingale is heralded as the founder of modern nursing because of her achievements, ... We found that although hand hygiene is a centuries-old concept… She disliked the role the 19th century Church of England would sometimes play in worsening the oppression of the poor. [citation needed], A bronze plaque, attached to the plinth of the Crimean Memorial in the Haydarpaşa Cemetery, Istanbul, Turkey and unveiled on Empire Day, 1954, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of her nursing service in that region, bears the inscription: "To Florence Nightingale, whose work near this Cemetery a century ago relieved much human suffering and laid the foundations for the nursing profession. Nightingale is the first nurse theorist well-known for developing the Environmental Theory that revolutionized nursing practices to create sanitary conditions for patients to get care. A recent biography cites brucellosis and associated spondylitis as the cause. Following this, she used a solid Russian-built carriage, with a waterproof hood and curtains. [32] Nightingale reportedly wrote, "I had the greatest difficulty in repelling Mrs Seacole's advances, and in preventing association between her and my nurses (absolutely out of the question! The book served as the cornerstone of the curriculum at the Nightingale School and other nursing schools, though it was written specifically for the education of those nursing at home. The god gave her the gift of prophecy; when she refused his advances, he cursed her so that her prophetic warnings would go unheeded. When the chapel was demolished the window was removed and installed in the replacement chapel. [58][c] The offer of burial in Westminster Abbey was declined by her relatives and she is buried in the churchyard of St Margaret's Church in East Wellow, Hampshire, near Embley Park with a memorial of the utmost simplicity with just her initials and dates of birth and death. Nightingale believed religion helped provide people with the fortitude for arduous good work, and would ensure the nurses in her care attended religious services. "[41], Though Nightingale is sometimes said to have denied the theory of infection for her entire life, a 2008 biography disagrees,[40] saying that she was simply opposed to a precursor of germ theory known as contagionism. Nightingale called a compilation of such diagrams a "coxcomb", but later that term would frequently be used for the individual diagrams. They studied history, mathematics, Italian, classical literature and philosophy, and from an early age Florence, who was the more academic of the two girls, displayed an extraordinary ability for collecting and analysing data which she would use to great effect in later life. Chaney, Edward (2006). [31] Nightingale told her brother-in-law, in a private letter, that she was worried about contact between her work and Seacole's business, claiming that while “she was very kind to the men and, what is more, to the Officers – and did some good (she) made many drunk”. [73] Her Crimean War statistics had convinced her that non-medical approaches were more effective given the state of knowledge at the time. �9����.ϙ����?�,N�8�Y#h&�y}� a7��,l������ ��r�f2+x�m6 �_��$@�a��6vrP����ājX�����b�˹��~ȼa�LXs1��PZ��b�1a��(N�w���Ώ���a���/U]'A4��w�L}�1X{�)i�Flʾ�S{��q:��~��/�(����܎��7 Mary Clare Moore headed the first wave and placed herself and her Sisters under the authority of Nightingale. Some of her tracts were written in simple English so that they could easily be understood by those with poor literary skills. The Union government approached her for advice in organising field medicine. After she returned to Britain and began collecting evidence before the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army, she came to believe that most of the soldiers at the hospital were killed by poor living conditions. Nightingale argued that secular hospitals usually provided better care than their religious counterparts. [90] The award, established in 1973, is given in recognition of meritorious services of nursing professionals characterised by devotion, sincerity, dedication and compassion. Cannadine, David. [29][30] In 2001 and 2008 the BBC released documentaries that were critical of Nightingale's performance in the Crimean War, as were some follow-up articles published in The Guardian and the Sunday Times. [48], From 1857 onwards, Nightingale was intermittently bedridden and suffered from depression. The area in which the hospital lies in Derby has recently been referred to as the "Nightingale Quarter". [41] Another museum devoted to her is at her sister's family home, Claydon House, now a property of the National Trust. [6] In 1860, she laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London. Nightingale’s affluent British family belonged to elite social circles. [42], In the 1870s, Nightingale mentored Linda Richards, "America's first trained nurse", and enabled her to return to the United States with adequate training and knowledge to establish high-quality nursing schools. "After 10 years of sanitary reform, in 1873, Nightingale reported that mortality among the soldiers in India had declined from 69 to 18 per 1,000". CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT: Florence Nightingale - Influence on Nursing Theory 1.AIM: This assignment gives an abridged account of Florence Nightingale’s life, her education, aspirations and career. They will declare: The International Year of the Nurse–2010 (the centenary of Nightingale's death); The UN Decade for a Healthy World – 2011 to 2020 (the bicentenary of Nightingale's birth). He and Nightingale became lifelong close friends. Historians now believe that both drainage and devolved enforcement played a crucial role in increasing average national life expectancy by 20 years between 1871 and the mid-1930s during which time medical science made no impact on the most fatal epidemic diseases.[29][30][74]. [13], Nightingale underwent the first of several experiences that she believed were calls from God in February 1837 while at Embley Park, prompting a strong desire to devote her life to the service of others. [78] The best known of these essays, called "Cassandra", was previously published by Ray Strachey in 1928. The nurse replied "Oh, my girl, are you not now more merciful than the God you think you are going to? In 1936, Kay Francis played Nightingale in the film titled The White Angel. In those days, women of Nightingale's class did not attend universities and did not pursue professional careers; their purpose in life was to marry and bear children. In October 2010, £6,000 was raised to reposition the window in St Peter's Church, Derby. She was also a pioneer in data visualization with the use of infographics, effectively using graphical presentations of statistical data. [133], A tinted lithograph by William Simpson illustrating evacuation of the sick and injured from Balaklava, Nightingale's moccasins that she wore in the Crimean War, A ward of the hospital at Scutari where Nightingale worked, from an 1856 lithograph by William Simpson, "Nightingale receiving the Wounded at Scutari", a portrait by Jerry Barrett, Florence Nightingale exhibit at Malvern Museum 2010, Nightingale's medals displayed in the National Army Museum, Memorial to Nightingale, Church of Santa Croce, Florence, Italy, Picture of Nightingale in The Illustrated London News from 24 February 1855, English social reformer, statistician, and founder of modern nursing, "The Lady with the Lamp" redirects here. Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, to British parents who named her after the city where they had traveled on an extended holiday before and after she was born. Florence Nightingale with her tame owl Athena, drawn by her sister Frances Parthenope Verney, Lady Verney (née Nightingale) c. 1850. Florence Nightingale - Quotes, Education & Facts - Biography Nightingale gets a full chapter, but instead of debunking her, Strachey praised her in a way that raised her national reputation and made her an icon for English feminists of the 1920s and 1930s.[75]. Her parents took their daughters to both Church of England and Methodist churches. During that night alarming symptoms developed and she gradually sank until 2 o'clock Saturday afternoon, when the end came. "[6], In 1838, her father took the family on a tour in Europe where he was introduced to the English-born Parisian hostess Mary Clarke, with whom Florence bonded. [23] The volunteer nurses worked about 295 nautical miles (546 km; 339 mi) away from the main British camp across the Black Sea at Balaklava, in the Crimea, which Nightingale never visited. A black-and-white photograph taken in about 1907 by Lizzie Caswall Smith at Nightingale's London home in South Street, Mayfair, was auctioned on 19 November 2008 by Dreweatts auction house in Newbury, Berkshire, England, for £5,500. Her father, William Edward Nightingale, was an extremely wealthy landowner, and the family moved in the highest circles of English society. [66], Indeed, Nightingale is described as "a true pioneer in the graphical representation of statistics", and is credited with developing a form of the pie chart now known as the polar area diagram,[66](p107) or occasionally the Nightingale rose diagram, equivalent to a modern circular histogram, to illustrate seasonal sources of patient mortality in the military field hospital she managed. Later, Nightingale became a pioneer in the visual presentation of information and statistical graphics. "[109] Other monuments of Nightingale include a statue at Chiba University in Japan, and a bust at Tarlac State University in the Philippines. She was a beacon of light traveling down hospital hallways as she cared for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War. Nightingale was fortunate. Florence Nightingale provided a professional model for nursing organization. The Dickens character Sarah Gamp, who was more interested in drinking gin than looking after her patients, was only a mild exaggeration. [6], Nightingale made a comprehensive statistical study of sanitation in Indian rural life and was the leading figure in the introduction of improved medical care and public health service in India. [25], Stephen Paget in the Dictionary of National Biography asserted that Nightingale reduced the death rate from 42% to 2%, either by making improvements in hygiene herself, or by calling for the Sanitary Commission. Elle est [128], The US Navy ship the USS Florence Nightingale (AP-70) was commissioned in 1942. This theory held that diseases could only be transmitted by touch. [96], Four hospitals in Istanbul are named after Nightingale: Florence Nightingale Hospital in Şişli (the biggest private hospital in Turkey), Metropolitan Florence Nightingale Hospital in Gayrettepe, European Florence Nightingale Hospital in Mecidiyeköy, and Kızıltoprak Florence Nightingale Hospital in Kadiköy, all belonging to the Turkish Cardiology Foundation. ", Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar. Tan-Feng Chang, CREOLIZING THE WHITE WOMAN’S BURDEN: MARY SEACOLE PLAYING “MOTHER” AT THE COLONIAL CROSSROADS BETWEEN PANAMA AND CRIMEA, (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017), p. 526. Sailing up the Nile as far as Abu Simbel in January 1850, she wrote of the Abu Simbel temples, "Sublime in the highest style of intellectual beauty, intellect without effort, without suffering ... not a feature is correct — but the whole effect is more expressive of spiritual grandeur than anything I could have imagined. Bridgeman, M. F. (1854–1856), An Account of the Mission of the Sisters of Mercy in the Military Hospitals of the East, Beginning December 1854 and Ending May 1856. 45844 (England), online article – see documents link at left, "Publication explaining Nightingale's use of 'coxcomb, "Collected Works of Florence Nightingale", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery: About the School: History", "Medals and Badges: Florence Nightingale Medal", "2016 – Nurses: A Force for Change: Improving health systems' resilience", "President gives Florence Nightingale Awards to 35 nurses", "Florence Nightingale Declaration Campaign", "Nightingale Declaration for A Healthy World", "Country Joe McDonald's tribute to Florence Nightingale", "Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – The Rome Campus", "New temporary coronavirus hospital in name of Florence Nightingale revealed", "Two more UK facilities to be converted into 'NHS Nightingale' coronavirus hospitals", "BBC News – Nurses attend tribute to Florence Nightingale in Derby", "Malvern Museum's Nightingale Exhibit March – October 2010", "The Florence Nightingale Museum (Istanbul)", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Haidar Pasha Cemetery", "BFI | Film & TV Database | The LADY WITH THE LAMP (1951)", "Mary Seacole Information – Television and Film", "The Top 100 Historical Persons in Japan", Air Mobility Command Museum: "C-9 Nightingale", "Photos: McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Aircraft Pictures", "Florence Nightingale: The Passionate Statistician", UCLA Elmer Belt Florence Nightingale Collection, 1890 audio recording of Florence Nightingale speaking, University of Guelph: Collected Works of Florence Nightingale project, "Archival material relating to Florence Nightingale", Florence Nightingale Correspondence from the Historic Psychiatry Collection, Menninger Archives, Kansas Historical Society, Florence Nightingale Declaration Campaign for Global Health, Florence Nightingale Window at St Peter's, Derby, Papers of Florence Nightingale, 1820–1910, Texas Woman's University Special Collections, Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps, City University London School of Community and Health Sciences, University of the West of England Department of Nursing and Midwifery, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florence_Nightingale&oldid=1003595998, People associated with King's College London, People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2015, Articles with incomplete citations from January 2020, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.